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#!/usr/bin/env zsh
# export a clip from a video as a gif

local callstr="$0"
local hasgsic=$(whence gifsicle)

print_error() {
	echo -e "\e[1;31merror:\e[0m $1\n"
}

usage() {
	[[ "$1" != "" ]] && print_error $1
	echo "Usage: $callstr [OPTIONS...] <infile> <outfile>"
	echo ""
	echo "             description  option     default val"
	echo "              start time  -s <time>  00:00:00"
	echo "       length in seconds  -t <num>   full length"
	echo "                 gif fps  -f <num>   10"
	echo "         gif pixel width  -w <num>   480"
	echo "      use subtitle track  -b <int>   none"
	echo "       number of colours  -c <int>   256"
	echo "     dithering algorithm  -d <str>   sierra2_4a"
	echo "redraw only changed rect  -r"
	[[ $hasgsic ]] && echo "  optimise with gifsicle  -o"
	echo "         print this help  -h"
	exit 1
}

# preface used to ensure unique inputs, just in case links exist. see below
local tmp_pref

rm_tmps() {
	if [[ ${tmp_pref} ]]; then
		rm -f ${tmp_pref}-palette.png
		rm -f ${tmp_pref}-in
	fi
}

abort() {
	[[ "$1" != "" ]] && print_error $1
	rm_tmps
	exit 1
}

trap 'abort' SIGABRT SIGHUP SIGINT SIGQUIT SIGTERM

local start="00:00:00"
local length=""
local fps=10
local width=480
local subs=""
local strack=0
local gsic=""
local dithalg="sierra2_4a"
local colour_count=256
local rect=""

local timepat='^(([0-9][0-9]:){1,2}[0-9][0-9]|[0-9]+)(\.[0-9]+){0,1}$'
local numpat='^[1-9][0-9]*(\.[0-9]+){0,1}$'
local intpat='^[1-9][0-9]*$'
local zintpat='^[0-9]+$'
local dithpat='^(bayer[0-5]|heckbert|floyd_steinberg|sierra2|sierra2_4a)$'

# used to hold '-t' if length is used
local t=""

# used to hold subtitle options, if present
local substr=""

# really annoying, but no other good way to do optional args 
if [[ $hasgsic ]]; then
	while getopts :s:t:f:w:b:c:d:rho opt; do
		case "$opt" in
			s) 
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$timepat") ]] \
					&& usage "malformed start timestamp"
				start="$OPTARG"
				;;
			t)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$numpat") ]] \
					&& usage "length must be a positive rational number"
				length=$OPTARG
				t="-t"
				;;
			f)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$numpat") ]] \
					&& usage "fps must be a positive rational number"
				fps=$OPTARG
				;;
			w)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$intpat") ]] \
					&& usage "width must be a positive integer"
				width=$OPTARG
				;;
			b)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$zintpat") ]] \
					&& usage "sub track index must be a non-negative integer"
				strack=$OPTARG
				subs=true
				;;
			c)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$intpat") ]] \
					|| [[ $OPTARG -gt 256 || $OPTARG -lt 2 ]] \
					&& usage "colour count must be an integer in the range 2-256"
				colour_count=$OPTARG
				;;
			d)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$dithpat") ]] \
					&& usage "dithering algorithm must be one of bayer<0-5>, heckbert, floyd_steinberg, sierra2, sierra2_4a"
				dithalg=$OPTARG
				[[ $(echo $OPTARG | grep -o bayer) ]] \
					&& dithalg="bayer:bayer_scale=$(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE '[0-5]')"
				;;
			o) gsic=true ;;
			r) rectmode=":diff_mode=rectangle" ;;
			h) usage ;;
			[?]) usage "unrecognised option" ;;
		esac
	done
else
	while getopts :s:t:f:w:b:c:d:rh opt; do
		case "$opt" in
			s) 
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$timepat") ]] \
					&& usage "malformed start timestamp"
				start="$OPTARG"
				;;
			t)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$numpat") ]] \
					&& usage "length must be a positive rational number"
				length=$OPTARG
				t="-t"
				;;
			f)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$numpat") ]] \
					&& usage "fps must be a positive rational number"
				fps=$OPTARG
				;;
			w)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$intpat") ]] \
					&& usage "width must be a positive integer"
				width=$OPTARG
				;;
			b)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$zintpat") ]] \
					&& usage "sub track index must be a non-negative integer"
				strack=$OPTARG
				subs=true
				;;
			c)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$intpat") ]] \
					|| [[ $OPTARG -gt 256 || $OPTARG -lt 2 ]] \
					&& usage "colour count must be an integer in the range 2-256"
				colour_count=$OPTARG
				;;
			d)
				[[ ! $(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE "$dithpat") ]] \
					&& usage "dithering algorithm must be one of bayer<0-5>, heckbert, floyd_steinberg, sierra2, sierra2_4a"
				dithalg=$OPTARG
				[[ $(echo $OPTARG | grep -o bayer) ]] \
					&& dithalg="bayer:bayer_scale=$(echo $OPTARG | grep -oE '[0-5]')"
				;;
			r) rectmode=":diff_mode=rectangle" ;;
			h) usage ;;
			[?]) usage "unrecognised option" ;;
		esac
	done
fi
shift $OPTIND-1

# check some error conditions
[[ ${#@} -gt 2 ]] && usage "trailing arguments detected"

[[ ${#@} -lt 2 ]] && usage "no output file specified"

[[ "${2:e}" != "gif" ]] && usage "output file must have a .gif file extension"

[[ "$1" != "%d.png" ]] && [[ ! -f "$1" ]] && usage "input file not found"

# make links
local tmp_pref_i
tmp_pref_i="make-gif"
tmp_pref_i="${2:h}/${tmp_pref_i}"

while [[ -f "${tmp_pref_i}-palette.png" ]] || [[ -f "${tmp_pref_i}-in" ]]; do
	tmp_pref_i="${tmp_pref_i}-1"
done

tmp_pref="${tmp_pref_i}"


ln -s "${1:a}" "${tmp_pref}-in" \
	|| abort "could not write to output dir" 

# get output height using aspect ratio
local height
local as

height=-1
ffprobe -loglevel -8 -print_format json -show_streams "${tmp_pref}-in" \
	| grep -m 1 display_aspect_ratio | grep -Eo '[0-9]+:[0-9]+' \
	| IFS=':' read -A as
[[ "$as" != "" ]] && let "height = ${width} * ${as[2]} / ${as[1]}"

[[ $subs ]] && substr="subtitles=${tmp_pref}-in:si=$strack,"

# convert
echo "pass 1..."
ffmpeg -loglevel 16 -y -ss "$start" $t $length -i "${tmp_pref}-in" -copyts -filter_complex \
	"${substr}setsar=1/1,fps=$fps,scale=${width}:${height}:flags=lanczos,palettegen=max_colors=${colour_count}" \
	${tmp_pref}-palette.png

[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && fferr=true

[[ ! $fferr ]] && echo "pass 2..." && ffmpeg -loglevel 24 \
	-ss $start $t $length \
	-i "${tmp_pref}-in" -i ${tmp_pref}-palette.png -copyts -filter_complex \
	"${substr}setsar=1/1,fps=$fps,scale=${width}:${height}:flags=lanczos[x];[x][1:v]paletteuse=dither=${dithalg}${rectmode}" \
	"$2"

[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && fferr=true

[[ $fferr ]] && abort
rm_tmps

# gifsicle
if [[ -f "$2" && $gsic ]]; then
	echo "optimising..."
	gifsicle --batch -O3 -i "$2"
fi